At the 2025 BEI Winter School Online, Dr. James J. Hughes delivered a thought-provoking lecture on military enhancement, just war theory, and the urgent need for transnational governance frameworks. Dr. Hughes is the Executive Director of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies and Associate Provost at the University of Massachusetts Boston, and one of the most recognized voices in the bioethics of human enhancement. His lecture tackles a question that is becoming increasingly urgent: as military technologies push the boundaries of human performance, who gets to set the ethical and legal limits? This is exactly the kind of big-picture thinking that bioethics needs more of, and we highly encourage you to watch the full lecture here.